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            <div class="i-page-title"><div class="i-page-title-text"><!--DXMETADATA start type="ItemTitle" -->Cell References in a Formula<!--DXMETADATA end--></div></div>
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            <!--DXMETADATA start type="TopicSection" name="BodyText"--><p>A formula can refer to constant values or cell references. If a value in any of the referenced cells changes, the result of the formula changes. If you use constant values in the formula instead of references to the cells, the result changes only if you modify the formula (or values in the formula).</p>

<p>With&nbsp;SpreadJS, you can convert the specific cell range to a formula string using the&nbsp;<a href="SpreadJS~GC.Spread.Sheets.CalcEngine~formulaToRanges.html">formulaToRanges()</a> method. For instance - returning an "A1" address from the row and column numbers.</p>

<p>For more information on using cell references in a formula, refer to&nbsp;<a href="SampleCodeforCellReferences.html" data-auto-update-caption="true">Sample Code for Cell References</a>.</p>

<p>If a new row is added right before or after a cell range in a formula then the range does not include the new row.</p>

<p>The following topics describe the different notation styles and reference types:</p>

<ul>
    <li><a href="#a" data-auto-update-caption="true">A1 Notation</a></li>

    <li><a href="#b" data-auto-update-caption="true">R1C1 Notation</a></li>

    <li><a href="#c" data-auto-update-caption="true">Relative and Absolute</a></li>
</ul>

<h3 id="a">A1 Notation</h3>

<p>Each cell can be referenced by a combination of its column letter (A through Z, then AA to ZZ, AAA to ZZZ, etc.) and row number (1 and beyond) for a total of 2,147,483,648 rows and columns. For example, D50 refers to the cell at the intersection of column D and row 50. To refer to a range of cells, enter the reference for the cell in the upper-left corner of the range, a colon (:), and then the reference to the cell in the lower-right corner of the range.</p>

<h3 id="b">R1C1 Notation</h3>

<p>Each cell can be referenced by its row and column number by preceding each by the letter "R" for row and the letter "C" for column. For example R1C3 is the cell in the first row and third column.</p>

<table>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <th>A1 Cell Ref.</th>

            <th>R1C1 Cell Ref.</th>

            <th>Description</th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>B12</td>

            <td>R12C2</td>

            <td>Cell in the second column (column B) and twelfth row (row 12)</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>D14:D48</td>

            <td>R14C4:R48C4</td>

            <td>The range of cells in the fourth column (column D) and in rows 14 through 48</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>E16:H16</td>

            <td>R16C5:R16C8</td>

            <td>The range of cells in the sixteenth row (row 16) in the fifth through the eighth column (columns E through H)</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>A25:E70</td>

            <td>R25C1:R70C5</td>

            <td>The range of cells in the first five columns (column A through E) and rows 25 through 70</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<h3 id="c">Relative and Absolute</h3>

<p>A relative cell reference is a reference to a cell relative to the position of the cell with the formula. An absolute reference is a cell reference that always refers to a cell by its exact location in the sheet and not with reference to the present cell.</p>

<p>Relative references automatically adjust when you copy them and absolute references do not. The&nbsp;widget can use absolute or relative cell references. You can define the cell reference style for each sheet by using the ReferenceStyle property. The formula does not support a range reference that contains both absolute and relative row or column references. In other words, the start and end rows in a range reference have to match (both absolute or both relative). The following table contains examples of valid relative cell references in formulas.</p>

<table>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <th>Function</th>

            <th>Description</th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>SUM(A1:A10)</td>

            <td>Sums rows 1 through 10 in the first column</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>PI( )*C6</td>

            <td>Multiplies pi times the value in cell C6</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>(A1 + B1) * C1</td>

            <td>Adds the values in the first two cells and multiplies the result by the value in the third cell</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>IF(A1&gt;5, A1*2, A1*3)</td>

            <td>Checks if the contents of cell A1 are greater than 5, and if so, multiplies the contents of cell A1 by 2, or else multiplies the contents of cell A1 by 3</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>For A1 notation, use a dollar sign ($) preceding the row or column (or both) to indicate an absolute reference. For example</p>

<table>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>$A$1</td>

            <td>absolute first column, absolute first row</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>$A1</td>

            <td>absolute first column, relative row plus one</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>A$1</td>

            <td>relative column plus one, absolute first row</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>A1</td>

            <td>relative column plus one, relative row plus one</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>For R1C1 notation, use brackets [ ] around the row or column number (or both) to indicate a relative reference. For example</p>

<table>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>R1C1</td>

            <td>absolute first row, absolute first column</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>R1C[1]</td>

            <td>absolute first row, relative column plus one</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>R[1]C1</td>

            <td>relative row plus one, absolute first column</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>R[1]C[1]</td>

            <td>relative row plus one, relative column plus one</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td>R[-1]C[-1]</td>

            <td>relative row minus one, relative column minus one</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>In this notation, the number inside the brackets is an offset from the current cell. This number may be a negative or positive integer or zero. Leaving off the offset entirely is short hand way of indicating a zero offset. So,</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RC2 is equivalent to R[0]C2</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R[3]C is equivalent to R[3]C[0]</p><!--DXMETADATA end-->
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